Participants

Dorian Hare; Senior Vice President - Investor Relations; Oportun Financial Corp

Raul Vazquez; Chief Executive Officer, Director; Oportun Financial Corp

Jonathan Coblentz; Chief Financial Officer, Chief Administrative Officer; Oportun Financial Corp

Rick Shane; Analyst; J.P. Morgan

John Hecht; Analyst; Jefferies LLC

Hal Goetsch; Analyst; B. Riley Securities

Gowshi Sriharan; Analyst; Singular Research

Brendan McCarthy; Analyst; Sidoti & Company, LLC

Vincent Caintic; Analyst; BTIG

Presentation

Operator

Good afternoon, and welcome to Oportun Financial's fourth quarter 2024 earnings call. (Operator Instructions) Please note this conference is being recorded.
I will now turn the conference over to your host, Dorian Hare, Senior Vice President, Investor Relations. Thank you. You may begin.

Dorian Hare

Thanks, and hello, everyone. With me to discuss Oportun's fourth quarter 2024 results are Raul Vazquez, Chief Executive Officer; and Jonathan Coblentz, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer.
I'll remind everyone on the call or webcast that some of the remarks made today will include forward-looking statements relating to our business, future results of operations and financial position, including projected adjusted ROE attainment, plans for products and services, business strategy, expense savings measures, and plans and objectives of management for future operations. Actual results may differ materially from those contemplated or implied by these forward-looking statements, and we caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.
A more detailed discussion of the risk factors that could cause these results to differ materially are set forth in our earnings press release and in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the caption risk factors, including our upcoming Form 10-K filing for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Any forward-looking statements that we make on this call are based on assumptions as of today, and we undertake no obligation to update these statements as a result of new information or future events other than that is required by law. Also on today's call, we will present both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures, which we believe could be useful measures for the period-to-period comparison of our core business and which will provide useful information to investors regarding our financial condition and results of operations.
A full list of definitions can be found in our earnings materials available at the Investor Relations section on our website. Non-GAAP financial measures are presented in addition to and not as a substitute for financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP to GAAP financial measures is included in our earnings press release, our fourth quarter 2024 financial supplement, and the appendix section of the fourth quarter 2024 earnings presentation, all of which are available at the investor relations section of our website at investor.oportun.com. In addition, this call is being webcast, and an archived version will be available after the call, along with a copy of our prepared remarks.
With that, I will turn the call over to Raul.

Raul Vazquez

Thanks, Dorian, and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining us. We ended the fourth quarter with stronger than anticipated results, demonstrating that we've turned the corner in improving our financial performance and are entering 2025 with momentum, discipline and focus. We met or exceeded the guidance expectations that we set for the fourth quarter and every quarter throughout 2024. The four key headlines from Q4, in my view are: a return to GAAP profitability; improved credit performance; a return to originations growth; and ongoing expense discipline.
First and importantly, Q4 marked our return to GAAP profitability. Our $9 million of net income was a $51 million year-over-year improvement and drove an ROE of 10%. Adjusted net income of $22 million was a $30 million year-over-year improvement, and we generated an adjusted ROE of 25%. Moreover, we generated $41 million of adjusted EBITDA, a $31 million increase from last year's level and exceeded the top end of our guidance by 37%. We were able to achieve these results through improved credit performance, a return to originations growth, and continued expense discipline.
I'd like to reiterate that we expect to be profitable on a GAAP basis for full year 2025. Second, regarding improved credit performance, our net charge-off rate was 11.7%, an improvement of 55 basis points year-over-year and the lowest level of losses since the third quarter of 2022. In dollars, the positive trends continued as our net charge-offs improved year-over-year for the fifth consecutive quarter, in this instance by 12%. I'm also pleased with our ongoing progress in reducing 30-plus-day delinquencies, which were 4.8% for the quarter and better by 113 basis points year-over-year. That's the fourth consecutive quarter of year-over-year improvement.
Third, originations were $522 million during Q4, returning to growth at 19% year-over-year. Even with a conservative credit box, we increased the number of loans originated by 23%. And lastly, we reported $89 million in operating expenses down 31% year-over-year, which was our lowest quarterly figure since the second quarter of 2019. Without the benefit from one-time items, our 4Q '24 operating expense would have been approximately $95 million, still below the $97.5 million target we set at the beginning of 2024. Building on our 2024 progress, we will continue to advance our three key strategic priorities in 2025, which are: improving credit outcomes; fortifying business economics; and identifying high-quality originations.
Regarding credit outcomes, we expect to reduce our net charge-off rate in 2025 by benefiting from our V12 credit model for a full year, and from our back book of loans shrinking to just 1% of our own portfolio by year-end. We expect to attain an adjusted ROE in the teens, up from 8% in 2024, by generating 10% to 15% full-year originations growth, returning to revenue growth by year-end, and targeting a 5% full-year decline in operating expenses.
And we'll continue to identify high-quality originations under our current conservative credit standards by reinvesting in marketing and targeting high-quality new members, while continuing to support our best existing members. We are also prioritizing the growth of secured personal loans within our own portfolio, as they offer superior unit economics compared to unsecured loans.
During 2024, secured personal loan losses ran approximately 500 basis points lower compared to unsecured personal loans, with fourth-quarter revenue per loan approximately 75% higher due to larger average loan sizes.
Finally, I'd like to provide a preview of 2025 guidance. Jonathan will share with you that we're increasing our full-year adjusted EPS expectations by 7% at the midpoint. Our updated adjusted EPS range is $1.10 to $1.30, reflecting a 53% to 81% increase over 2024's $0.72. In summary, our results are a testament to our team's execution, and we are at the beginning of a new chapter for Oportun. With a strong foundation we worked diligently to build in 2024, we remain more focused than ever to drive growth and shareholder value in 2025.
With that, I will turn it over to Jonathan for additional details on our financial and credit performance, as well as our guidance.

Jonathan Coblentz

Thanks, Raul, and good afternoon, everyone. As Raul mentioned, you can see on slide 6 that we had a strong fourth quarter in which we met or exceeded the guidance expectations that we set. We're confident that Oportun is poised to carry this momentum into 2025 by further enhancing our profitability, including by being GAAP profitable on a full-year basis as we track towards our long-term financial objectives.
As shown on slide 7, Oportun delivered total revenue of $251 million in the fourth quarter. We were GAAP profitable at $9 million of net income with diluted EPS of $0.20, and we are profitable on an adjusted basis for the fourth consecutive quarter with adjusted net income of $21.5 million for adjusted EPS of $0.49.
While maintaining credit discipline, originations of $522 million were up 19% year-over-year. Sequentially, originations were up 9%, aligning with the typical seasonal pattern for a ramp throughout the year. Total revenue of $251 million exceeded the top end of our guidance by $1 million and declined by 4% year-over-year due to the decline in average daily principal balance in our personal loans portfolio as a result of prior credit tightening actions.
This impact was partially offset by a 155-basis point increase in portfolio yield to 34.2%. Given the successful completion of the sale of our credit card portfolio in mid-November, it's important to keep in mind that while the sale was accretive to the bottom-line, our credit card business contributed $4 million of total revenue for 4Q '24 and $34 million for the full year.
Our total net decrease in fair value of $84 million was primarily driven by current period charge-offs of $80 million, which improved 12% year-over-year. Q4 interest expense of $74 million was up $22 million year-over-year, primarily due to a one-time $17 million non-cash write-off of deferred financing costs related to the repayment of our prior corporate financing facility as part of the November refinancing.
This amount was slightly below the $18 million estimate I indicated on our third quarter earnings call. Net revenue was $93 million, up 30% year-over-year. As lower net charge-offs and lower non-cash fair value marks on our asset-backed notes more than offset lower total revenue and higher interest expense.
Excluding the one-time non-cash write-off of $17 million of deferred financing fees included in interest expense that I mentioned a moment ago, net revenue would have been $110 million, up 53% year-over-year. As a reminder, we elected to stop fair value and new debt financings in 2023, and we expect the fair value impact to be minimal after this year as prior financings approach maturity.
Turning now to operating expenses and efficiency, our $89 million in total operating expenses in Q4 reflected a 31% reduction from the prior year period. I note that this figure includes approximately $6 million in one-time benefits, including those related to capitalization of previously accrued expenses associated with our debt refinancing, true-ups related to estimated costs of exiting the credit card product and other benefits that we wouldn't expect to occur as part of a normalized run rate. Without the benefit of these one-time items, our 4Q '24 operating expense would have been approximately $95 million, still below our $97.5 million target.
Accordingly, expect $97.5 million in quarterly operating expenses during 2025, reflecting our $95 million exit rate plus a modest increased investment in marketing to drive originations growth. Adjusted net income was $22 million, a $30 million improvement compared to the prior year quarter. Our adjusted EPS of $0.49 was an increase of $0.70 versus last year. The improvement was principally driven by our sharply reduced cost structure along with higher net revenue. Adjusted EBITDA, which excludes the impact of fair value mark-to-market adjustments on our loan portfolio and notes, was $41 million in the fourth quarter.
This reflected a year-over-year increase of $31 million, or 315%, driven by our sharply reduced cost structure along with lower net charge-offs. I'm pleased that our adjusted EBITDA margin increased year-over-year by 12.6 percentage points, from 3.8% to 16.3%. Our adjusted EBITDA performance exceeded the high end of our guidance by $11 million, primarily on lower than anticipated operating expenses and net charge-offs.
Let me now shift to more details on our strong Q4 credit performance, another testament to the significant progress that we've made. Our front book of loans, originated since July 2022, continues to perform quite well, while our back book of pre-July 2022 loans continues to roll off.
As you can see on slide 8 of our earnings presentation, our more recent credit vintages have outperformed their predecessors, and as a result, the losses on our front book 12-plus months after disbursement are now running up to 500 basis points lower than losses on our back book, whereas previously we had seen a 400 basis point improvement. This improvement is driven by our continued fine-tuning of our credit model.
Furthermore, you can see our annualized net charge-off rate for the quarter by front book versus back book on slide 9. In Q4, the front book had an annualized net charge-off rate of 10.5%, which is within the 9% to 11% net charge-off range that we are targeting in our unit economics model. Importantly, back book continues to decline, and as of the end of 2024, it was only 5% for our year-end loan portfolio, but 18% of gross charge-offs.
As Raul mentioned, we expect the back book to further diminish to 1% of our portfolio at the end of 2025. Finally, as you can see on slide 10, our net charge-off rate of 11.7% in 4Q '24 improved 55 basis points compared to last year, and was our lowest rate since 3Q '22. So in summary, we continue to feel very good about the quality of credit we are originating. As shown on slide 13, I'm also confident in the stability of our hardworking members. An outcome driven by our credit underwriting model, which actively seeks to identify people with strong stability in their communities.
Prior to approving a loan to a new or existing borrower, we verify employment for all borrowers, who for fourth-quarter originations had a median gross income of approximately $50,000. Additionally, our borrowers had an average of 5.7 years at their current job, and 6.4 years at their current residence. Moreover, 91% of our approved members had their loan proceeds dispersed to their US bank accounts, rather than opting to receive disbursement in the form of a check. Regarding our capital and liquidity, as shown on slide 14, we deleveraged by reducing our debt-to-equity ratio from 8.7 times to 7.9 times, quarter-over-quarter.
As we were GAAP profitable and utilized part of the $91 million of our operating cash flow to reduce debt outstanding by $49 million. As of December 31, total cash was $215 million, of which $60 million is unrestricted and $155 million is restricted. Further bolstering our liquidity was $227 million in available funding capacity under our warehouse lines and remaining whole loan sale agreement capacity of $45 million.
Following the fourth quarter in January, we issued $425 million in ABS notes, which freed up $438 million in warehouse capacity for future originations. The transaction was a significant success, being over 7x over-subscribed and pricing at a 6.95% weighted average yield, 127 basis points lower than our previous August 2024 transaction.
Our access to capital markets is well-established. Since June of 2023, Oportun has raised approximately $2.8 billion in diversified financings, including whole loan sales, securitizations and warehouse agreements from fixed-income investors and banks. We anticipate we will come to market a few more times this year with ABS deals. Turning now to our guidance, as shown on slide 15. Our outlook for the first quarter is total revenue of $225 million to $230 million, annualized net charge-off rate of 12.3%, plus or minus 15 basis points, adjusted EBITDA of $18 million to $22 million.
On a year-over-year basis, our Q1 guidance reflects a 9% decline in total revenue, largely due to the absence of $12 million of revenue we generated from the credit card portfolio in the prior year quarter. Excluding credit card revenue, our 1Q guidance reflects only a 5% decline on an organic basis and an approximately 7% year-over-year decline in the average daily portfolio balance.
Despite the revenue decline, our 1Q '25 adjusted EBITDA guidance at the midpoint of $20 million highlights our continued focus on operating expense management and is an $18 million improvement over 1Q '24's $2 million. We expect 1Q '25's annualized net charge-off rate at the midpoint of our guidance to increase by about 30 basis points year-over-year. However, as you can see on the bottom of slide 16, we expect 1Q '25 dollar net charge-offs to decline in the 4% range.
And if 1Q '25's average daily portfolio balance would remain flat year-over-year rather than decline by 7%, the 1Q '25 annualized net charge-off rate would be approximately 80 basis points lower at 11.5%. We expect the elevated net charge-off rate in 1Q '25 to be temporary. As you will see from the full-year guidance for net charge-offs that I will share with you in a moment, we expect the average annualized net charge-off rate for Q2 through Q4 to be 11.2%.
Our guidance for the full year is total revenue of $945 million to $970 million, annualized net charge-off rate of 11.5%, plus or minus 50 basis points, adjusted EBITDA of $135 million to $145 million, adjusted net income of $53 million to $63 million, and adjusted EPS $1.10 to $1.30. Despite our anticipated 3% decline in average daily principal balance and absence of $34 million in credit card revenue, the top end of our full-year revenue guidance reflects modest growth over last year's $968 million total revenue, excluding credit card.
As Raul mentioned, we anticipate returning to quarterly revenue growth on a reported basis prior to year-end, and we expect to grow full-year 2025 originations in our 10% to 15% target range. The midpoint of our full-year 2025 annualized net charge-off rate guidance at 11.5% reflects a 50 basis point reduction from 2024's 12% level and implies ongoing improvement following Q1. As you can see from the bottom of slide 16, we expect full-year 2025 net charge-offs in dollars to decline in the 7% range.
Furthermore, were 2025 average daily principal balance to be flat with 2024 rather than declining by approximately 3%, as anticipated, the net charge-off rate would be 30 basis points lower at 11.2%, even closer to our 9% to 11% target range. Our full-year 2025 adjusted EPS range is a 7% uplift at the midpoint from the preliminary expectations we first provided in October of last year.
I'm pleased that with the full year operating expenses expected to decline in the 5% range, our 2025 adjusted EBITDA and adjusted EPS expectations at the midpoints implies strong year-over-year growth of 33% and 67% respectively. Next, I'd like to update you on our progress towards our long-term unit economic targets. While our long-term targets are GAAP targets, I'll be using adjusted metric actuals for comparison because they remove nonrecurring items and provide a better sense of our future run rate. It's clear on slide 17 that we've made significant progress in Q4. Adjusted ROE was 25% which was a 33 percentage point year-over-year improvement.
Increase was driven principally by cost reductions, a higher loan yield and lower net charge-offs. Full year 2024's adjusted ROE was 8%, 23 percentage-point improvement over full year 2023. Although we're pleased that we reached the 20% to 28% adjusted ROE range in the fourth quarter at 25%, it's our objective to attain this level on an annual basis. slide 18 shows how we will continue to focus on improving our credit performance, reducing expenses as a percentage of owned principal balance and reducing leverage to drive improvement in shareholder returns.
Raul, back over to you.

Raul Vazquez

Thanks, Jonathan. Before I finish, I have an important announcement to share. Jonathan has decided to retire and will be stepping down as Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer. On behalf of the entire Oportun team, I want to congratulate him and express my deepest gratitude for his more than 15 years of dedicated service. Jonathan joined Oportun in 2009 when our loan portfolio was $5 million and built a highly professional finance function we benefit from today.
His contributions have been instrumental in our growth, including by helping to expand our loan portfolio to $3 billion and providing key leadership in taking us public in 2019. Jonathan will continue as our CFO until March 28 to support a smooth transition to Casey Mueller, who will serve as our Interim CFO.
We have engaged an executive search firm to conduct a thorough process to identify Jonathan's successor, considering both internal and external candidates. Casey has been with Oportun since 2018, joining us from one main to help make our finance function public company ready. He currently serves as our Principal Accounting Officer and Global Controller with additional responsibility for FP&A.
I am confident in his ability to provide strong leadership, ensuring continuity and maintaining the momentum we've discussed today. On a personal note, Jonathan has been an incredible partner to me over the past 13 years and I will miss working with him. I know I speak for everyone at Oportun in wishing him all the best in his next chapter. To close, I'd like to emphasize three key points. First, we're pleased with our return to GAAP profitability in the fourth quarter and with our quarterly GAAP ROE of 10% and adjusted ROE of 25%.
Second, we have clear line of sight towards substantially improving our profitability from 2024's levels and we expect to be GAAP profitable on a full-year basis. Confident in our outlook, we've increased our full-year 2025 adjusted EPS expectations to be $1.10 to $1.30, reflecting 53% to 81% year-over-year growth. And finally, we believe we will generate an adjusted ROE in the teens this year while making progress towards 20% to 28% ROEs on an annual basis.
We see a bright future ahead for Oportun by remaining laser-focused on improving credit outcomes, fortifying business economics, and identifying high-quality originations. I want to thank our talented employees for all that we accomplished together in 2024 and for their ongoing dedication to our mission of empowering members to build a better future.
With that, operator, let's open up the line for questions.

Question and Answer Session

Operator

Thank you. And at this time, we'll conduct our question-and-answer session. (Operator Instructions)
Rick Shane, JP Morgan.

Rick Shane

Thanks for taking my question. And first of all, I'm, not big on congratulations on earnings calls, but Jonathan, I do want to acknowledge that I know you've worked very hard, to leave the company on such good footing, and that's got to be very satisfying, and we are going to miss working with you, so thank you very much.

Jonathan Coblentz

That's very kind of you to say, Rick, and I will miss working with you as well. So thank you.

Rick Shane

Thank you. Well, with that now, I'm going to ask you some tough questions.

Jonathan Coblentz

Go right ahead and expect nothing less.

Rick Shane

Yeah, exactly. And, I'm sure of all the things you're not going to miss, this part of the Q&A is one of them. Look, when we look at the guidance, and again, we're still going through the numbers, it, what essentially happened for 2025 is you move the low end up $0.10, you move the high end up a nickel. The $0.05 of that really comes from a different expectation on share account. Can you tell us what's driving the share count expectation if you said it I missed it. I apologize, but also on the low end, what's the, what are the other factors that are contributing to tightening that guidance?

Jonathan Coblentz

Sure, so first of all, the share count is just an updated projection. I think you're referring to the fact that we had a $0.50 share count, when we gave the preliminary guidance, and now it's 48.2%, so that's just reflective of, our view of future share awards and employee turnover, so nothing, I actually don't view that as all that material a change, in terms of, the, top line, look, I think this is a strong number for us, right? We continue to, revenue is going to be up organically.
We're doing what we said we were going to do in in terms of keeping originations, origination, excuse me, keeping operating expenses flat throughout the year at $97.5 million and, the credit guide is is improved, right? 11.5% plus or minus 50 basis points. So Those are the main drivers, and then, obviously we've continued to have good success in our financings. We did our first securitization of the year in January at a 6.95% yield, so that's below our 8% unit economics target.
Is that helpful, Raul anything I.

Raul Vazquez

I think just going back to the EPS, range, right? Rick, first of all, we feel really good coming into the year, and that's reflected by taking the midpoint up 7% in terms of not necessarily taking them up by the same amount. It's just. In the year, right, and I think even when we look at some of the readings from the economy this morning, it's clear that just we're going to have to watch things closely. So I don't think there's anything to read into it aside from us recognizing it's early in the year and it makes sense to be a bit conservative.

Rick Shane

Got it. No, it makes sense. I mean, trust me, we, the cross currents that we're all trying to figure out in terms of how this impacts the consumer are pretty confusing at the moment and, I know that we sometimes get caught up in the change in direction on a minute by minute basis as well so thank you guys.

Raul Vazquez

Sure, thank you, Rick.

Operator

John Hecht, Jefferies LLC.

John Hecht

Afternoon guys and congratulations on achieving all the objectives and clearly the business looks like it's making a good turn first question as you lean into growth you know you guys have a lot of channels that you can. You can utilize, Medibank, your branches, MoneyGram, and some other retail partners.
Where do you think the will growth come through all those channels, or are you going to rely on one of those more than the other and I guess are all of those channels still active and op presenting a good opportunity for growth?

Raul Vazquez

It's a great question, John. So, yes, all the channels are active. They work in combination with each other. Really what we've seen in the past, for example, what we had in our latest investor presentation was that Regardless of what channels someone started in, almost 3/4 of applicants used our mobile and digital channels in some way, right, even if they started in retail or start in the contact center. So we think each of the channels plays an important role in our originations numbers.
And so we are bullish about all the channels. We have seen quite a bit of strength in our retail channel and our contact centers. I think our teams there are doing just fantastic work. They've become more productive in 2024 relative to 2023. They drew, they drove very healthy originations, so we've got the good fortune of, I think, entering 2025 with a lot of confidence in all of our channels, but in particular liking what we're seeing from retail in the contact center.

John Hecht

Okay. That's helpful, and then, I guess second question, given I went after this given growth expectations for this year, how do we think and then thinking about the rate environment which now anticipates maybe one federal funds shift, how do we think about cost of capital over the course of this year given maturity runoff and so forth, and then any targets for leverage over the next several quarters.

Jonathan Coblentz

Sure, so John, I think we're going to see two opposing factors driving our cost of funds. On the one hand, as our first securitization of the year that we did in January with a 6.95% yield shows, the pricing we're able to get on new debt issuances in the asset back market is very strong. On the other hand, and so, we would hope to come to market a few more times and, though the curve is relatively flat for the benchmarks and we'll see where that goes, credit spreads in the asset back market continue to tighten, so that's favorable. On the other hand, while 6.95% is a terrific yield in the current market, we continue to have debt at 2%.
That is running off, right? Those are the deals we were able to do in 2021 when rates were much lower.
So I think over the long term we'll see a lower cost of funds, but throughout this year we may see slightly higher cost of funds before it becomes lower just because of the relative timing between financings and the runoff. And then your question about leverage, we haven't given specific guidance. We obviously took a nice step forward. This past quarter in reducing debt to equity by 8/10 of a turn, we would expect as we continue to have GAAP profitability and we also avail ourselves of the opportunity to prepay our corporate debt where we're allowed to make up to $60 million of prepayments without penalty, that those two combined factors will allow us to continue to improve our debt to equity ratio.

John Hecht

Okay, and, final question, Jonathan for you, and I want to reiterate Rick's, congratulations and then sorry to see you go. It's been fun working with you, but I wish you all the best of luck and hopefully we keep in touch. And the but the last question is there any considerations for fair value marks? This year, last year I think you had to get through some of the marks on the liabilities. Is there anything just on the fair value mark this year that's, worth mentioning for from a temper, temporary impact.

Jonathan Coblentz

Sure. So just at a high level, and we don't give specific guidance about fair value marks. The expectation is built into our bottom line. Guidance certainly, when we think about the loans, right, ultimately, as that's driven by the discount rate, which is the combination of benchmark rates and credit spreads, our loss expectation and the average life. And so, if we see credit continue to improve, if we see rates and credit spreads continue to come down. We could get some benefit there. We're not giving specific guidance, but it, that would all be favorable.
Then of course on the asset back notes, though we no longer include their impact and adjusted net income, they do still run through GAAP. And as you'll see on page 35 of the earnings deck, the remaining discount on the notes is $22.3 million as a year end, so.
We would expect those notes to be down to a very low balance by the end of the year and to largely be prepaid by early 2026 just according to their terms.
So that will be flowing through the P&L on a GAAP basis as a negative over the course of the year.

John Hecht

Great appreciate that. Thanks.

Raul Vazquez

Thank you, John.

Operator

Hal Goetsch, B. Riley Securities.

Hal Goetsch

Jonathan, well done. Thank you very much. Congratulations on your retirement. Yeah, well on the origination side, you guys really came in kind of well above what you got into and another firm upstar reported similar kind of upside surprises and I'm just wondering if you give us your color on the top of funnel, what happened there, I think maybe consumers saw a 4th rate cut that happened in December, that maybe got, discovery happening in your digital channels, at a higher rate, maybe.
Maybe lower lower rates also allow you to approve more borrowers we just. Share with us, what you saw through the, throughout the quarter, was it heavier maybe in December, with, maybe consumers inquiring and pleasantly being surprised they were approved for loans that they that you granted to them. Give us your thoughts on that.

Raul Vazquez

Yeah, Hal, this is Raul. Thanks for the question. So our decisions to drive growth are driven first and foremost by just what is our view on credit?
So when you look at our presentation and see on page 9 that the front book is running at about 10.5% annualized losses. That book continues to shrink. Our go forward view, as Jonathan described, right, for the year is that losses are going to improve by 50 basis points, right? Seeing those losses on the front but be within our target range of 9 to 11% gave us the confidence to lean into growth.
So what we were able to do is we invested a bit more in marketing than we have the last couple of years to TRY to drive that growth. So top of the funnel from a demand perspective we felt was already healthy and we poured a bit more. On that in terms of driving marketing, credit box isn't really opening up. We like where our credit box is. V12 is helping to drive these improved results, so then it just, it flowed through all the way down to that 19% originations growth.
So we go into the year feeling confident in our ability to drive 10% to 15% originations growth for the full year, recognizing that that's going to help to drive revenue growth again in the back half of the year. And positioning as well not just for 2025, but assuming the economy remains constructive, which today we think it is, right, that means a good year for us in 2025 and hopefully, some good momentum even going into 206.

Hal Goetsch

Yeah, terrific thanks Ra. Could you just, repeat, make sure I caught the impact of the credit card sale on 11 and in the full year. Just repeat that for me if you have a second.

Jonathan Coblentz

Sure, on the total revenue, yeah, so what that, what we said in our prepared remarks was that.
You have when you're looking at our total revenue number for this year in 2025, since credit cards got sold in November, you really need to go back and look at ex credit card revenue numbers from 2024. And so for the full year, which really was only through mid November, we had $34 million of total revenue from credit card and for the fourth quarter we had $4 million of total revenue from credit cards.

Raul Vazquez

The last thing you'll see when we when we push the script out is for Q1 it's an absence of $12 million in revenue.

Jonathan Coblentz

Yeah. 3 year, right, because that's how much revenue we had in the first quarter of 24. Good.

Hal Goetsch

That's what I needed. Thank you.

Operator

Gowshi Sriharan, Singular Research.

Gowshi Sriharan

Good morning, good afternoon, I guess. Can you hear me?

Raul Vazquez

Yes we can.

Gowshi Sriharan

Yeah, thank you. Thanks for taking my question. My first question is, well, congratulations on your results, by the way, and the 19% year your growth and origination as you continue, you say that, back in into FY25 is 10 to 15%. What what is, can you give us in color and what is driving that growth? Is it some relaxation on your side or is it, is that a demand? What is driving that demand?

Raul Vazquez

Yeah, it's a great question. We mentioned that if you remove the one-time benefits in OpEx for Q4, that would give you about a $95 million dollar run rate. We would suggest that, for models that you really target $97.5 million per quarter in OpEx, and that difference you can think of as a modest investment in marketing, right? So looking at at least a $2.5 million dollar incremental expense in marketing. And that's really what's going to drive the growth. It's not opening up the credit box. We don't think we need to do that. We don't think that would be wise at this time. It's really about just being able to drive some additional demand through marketing efforts, which we really haven't been doing the last two years.

Gowshi Sriharan

Okay. And now your portfolio yield is around 34%. Can you give us some, given, the competitive space that it is, how do you assess the competitive landscape in the personal loan market for for FY 25?

Raul Vazquez

Yeah, so we think right now when we look at the behavior of the competition, everyone seems to be acting rationally, which we think is very helpful for us as we think about 2025 and as we put together the guidance that we've shared, I think, as we all know, right, the Fed is pausing rate cuts a bit. They continue to look at things closely and trying to figure out how many cuts they're going to have.
And thankfully I think what we're seeing from competition is no one is bringing down pricing irrationally. I think pricing continues to reflect the higher cost of capital, not just for us but for our competitors. So we think that the competitive picture is one that is, again, rational and constructive and one in which we can drive growth.

Gowshi Sriharan

Awesome. I'll take it offline. Thank you again. Congratulations and good luck, Jonathan.

Jonathan Coblentz

Thank you very much.

Operator

Brendan McCarthy, Sidoti.

Brendan McCarthy

Great. Good afternoon everybody and Jonathan, first off, congratulations on your retirement. I'm going to miss working together, but, sure, and wanted to start off just as a follow up on the operating expense question, just looking at the opp ex adjusted OpEx ratio here, it looks like it's slowly trending down it's right around that 13% level in the fourth quarter 24. Do you have a long term target for that measure?

Jonathan Coblentz

We do. Our long-term target is, what we have in our unit economics of 12.5%.

Raul Vazquez

Yeah, so the progress, Brandon, that we expect to make in that is going to be driven by two factors, really. Number one, right, we want to continue to look for opportunities to lower, operating expense, right? I think as we look at future years, that's continuing to figure out how do we become more streamlined, more efficient, how do we renegotiate multi-year contracts, right, that weren't up for negotiation last year. So on the numerator side, we're going to TRY to do everything we can to keep looking for reductions on OpEx. More importantly, I think on the denominator side we're going to grow average daily principal balance, right? And that'll help us get from the 13.1% down to the 12.5% will really be both elements.

Brendan McCarthy

Great, that's helpful and then like you said, well probably the $97.5 million is probably a reasonable run rate quarterly run rate for OpEx kind of going forward.

Raul Vazquez

We think so in particular as we shift the growth mode, right? So as we shift the growth, there's going to be that incremental marketing expense, there'll be other parts of the organization that that will have to make sure are ready to support that level of growth. So we think it is the appropriate level as we shift back to growing the portfolio.

Brendan McCarthy

Got it. That's helpful. Wanted to ask a question on portfolio yield. Looks like a nice 155 basis point increase year over year in the fourth quarter. What factors really drove that increase and maybe can you touch on the underwriting trends that you saw?

Jonathan Coblentz

Yeah, I mean the main factors were obviously we adjusted pricing, as did many other consumer lenders this year, and higher origination growth, which we we certainly had high growth and strong growth in the fourth quarter because that will drive more yield because of the recognition up front of the origination fees and interest income.

Raul Vazquez

The other dynamic that helps us in terms of yield is that some of the loans that had longer terms are being paid off if someone were to come back and wants to get a new loan, that gives us an opportunity to reflect the new pricing as opposed to the pricing that they may have received, say, 23, or even 4 years ago, Brandon.

Brendan McCarthy

Great, that's helpful. And then one more question for me just on the back book and analyzing that charge off rate. It looks like it's kind of been maintained right around that mid 20% range. Is that a reasonable expectation going forward and just kind of looking at the back book as it rolls off it'll obviously be favorable for gross charge offs.
But I guess that's kind of mid 20% range.

Jonathan Coblentz

We're not providing specific guidance on the back book. It's a very good question.
Certainly when we provide our loss guidance that is inclusive of the portfolio we have today, which includes backbook loans and the runoff, as well as the new originations we expect to make and how we expect them to perform. So certainly that's in there. We don't have a separate guidance that I can. I can share with you the one thing I will note is in, since this is a closed pool, the back book that is just running off, right, as you get towards the tail, though it gets smaller and smaller, right, you can have denominator effects that can, push up the percentage, right? That's just, the math you would expect, but, we don't have a specific guidance, but it could go slightly higher for that reason.

Raul Vazquez

Certainly what we're looking forward.
To is, as you will see on page 9 of our investor deck, right, we expect that by the end of this year, that'll be down to 1%. So it's disproportionate impact on losses will start to get smaller and smaller over time. That's right.

Brendan McCarthy

Got it. That makes sense. Very helpful. Thanks for all. Thanks, Jonathan. That's all from me.
Thank you very much.

Operator

(Operator Instructions)
Vincent Caintic, BTIG.

Vincent Caintic

Hey, good afternoon. Thanks for taking my questions. I have, two of them, so I, I'll just ask both now. So nice guidance, for 2025, and, it's above, consensus estimates. I'm just wondering if you could maybe talk about some of the sensitivities, to the macro from that guidance. And we've been seeing kind of a lot of, changes whether politically or otherwise, in the past, couple of weeks, including with, now inflation, running at 3%. So just wondering how sensitive it is, because it does seem like a lot of your, a lot of the guidance is sort of driven off of, the actions that you're taking.
So that's question one, and then, question two related to kind of prior comments about the industry kind of showing great growth trends that we've seen from a lot of other, consumer finance companies and fintechs, a lot of this growth as was alluded to earlier. And I'm just wondering, one of the, investor questions that I've been getting is that, Whereas I guess if a fintech or somebody else is growing that much, can opportune or other lenders also be growing at the same amount, or is there just kind of finite, TAM where if somebody's growing, then somebody else must be losing that share or so forth, or just want to get your thoughts on that. Thank you.

Jonathan Coblentz

Sure, no, thank you. I'll take the first question. Vincent and Raul will cover the second one. First of all, in setting guidance, we don't just look at one scenario, we look at multiple scenarios, and so those scenarios factor in, sensitivities and both, positive and negative. So that, that's already factored in when we do provide the guidance, as you heard Raul say on the call, right, we're watching the macro environment very carefully, right?
And obviously we did get a slightly uptick inflation number this morning. We still feel very good about our credit that all of the trends are very positive.
So it's nothing that we're concerned about now, but the key sensitivity would be, any impact from inflation that could, cause us to have to tighten and so you in order to make sure that losses didn't go up and that would be an impact to originations. But again, We feel good about the guidance we've presented and it does factor in multiple scenarios and all the trends right now are very favorable.

Raul Vazquez

Just add a little bit to that, Vin and one of the reasons we feel good about our ability to underwrite, say, even with inflation at 3%, is as we've talked about, right, we're using V12 right now of our underwriting engine. V12 was built with the largest data set we've ever used and maybe most importantly, kind of in response to your question. It was used including data from this inflationary period, right? So what we were able to do was include our learnings in this period where our borrowers and all of us have been dealing with higher inflation.
So we think that that gives us an opportunity, even if inflation were to move, from where it is today, start to kind of glide back up a little bit, right? We feel that the underwriting that we've got in place today was built with that kind of environment in mind. We would certainly keep making adjustments. You see on page 8. Where we show the vintages and the performance that our ability to make adjustments demonstrates the ability to keep improving performance where you see, Q3 of 2023 is better than the prior quarters. Q4 of 23 is better than Q3, and Q1 of 24 is better than, Q4 of 23. So again, that shows the ability to keep making adjustments as needed to react to the environment. Let me pause there and see if you have any follow up questions on on number one before I go to number 2.
No, that's great thank you.
Sure. So on your second question, in terms of, in some ways, I think it's a question of is it a zero-sum game, right, from a growth perspective? Is that part of your question?

Vincent Caintic

Yeah, that's exactly. I think that -- when I talk to investors covering consumer finance its -- there's this view that if there's just a lot of growth, especially from the fintechs, that it's taking away from brick and mortar or things. So that is a 0-sum game, to your point, rather than one where there's enough growth and customers to serve. So I just wanted to get your opinion on that.

Raul Vazquez

Yeah, so I think for us, one of the things that we've been able to do well throughout our history is to really be able to find a niche that is not well-served by others. So we're not a traditional subprime lender. If someone's had a lot of experience with credit and, for whatever reason, it didn't work out, we declined them early in the process because our models aren't built to underwrite those individuals. We do best with people that have thin files or even no files when they first come to us, right? We can underwrite someone who has no data at the bureaus, no credit score whatsoever.
So I think one of the things that we've been able to do is to stay out of that 0-sum game that you're describing and that I understand certainly why it's driving the question because we've been taking individuals that have been in the informal economy or individuals that have relied only on very, very expensive credit. So we think of that almost as a different pool than the pool, say, that the traditional fintechs are focused on.

Vincent Caintic

That's very helpful. And my congratulations to Jonathan again. I know we've been talking over the past decade, and so we'll miss you. And nice to leave investors with a nice gift of these results.

Jonathan Coblentz

Thank you, Vincent. Very kind of you.

Operator

And there are no further questions at this time. I'll hand the floor back over to management for closing remarks.

Raul Vazquez

Well, thank you again, everyone, for joining us on today's call. We look forward to speaking with you again soon.

Operator

Thank you. This concludes today's call. All parties may disconnect. Have a good day.